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pandoc is a universal document converter.

# Plain text format (nicely formatted plain text)
pandoc readme.html -t plain --columns=78 -o readme.txt

# HTML fragment:
pandoc README -o example1.html

# Markdown to HTML5 (stand-alone)
pandoc -s README.md -t html5 -o readme.html

# Markdown to HTML5 (fragment)
pandoc README.md -t html5 -o readme.html

# Standalone HTML file:
pandoc -s README -o example2.html

# HTML with smart quotes, table of contents, CSS, and custom footer:
pandoc -s -S --toc -c pandoc.css -A footer.html README -o example3.html

# To convert remote URL HTML/webpage to Markdown:
curl --silent <https://example.com/input.html> | pandoc --from html --to markdown_strict --output <output.md>

# To convert a HTML file to Markdown:
pandoc <input.html> --from html --to markdown_strict --output <output.md>

# Latex:
pandoc -s README -o example4.tex

# From LaTeX to markdown:
pandoc -s example4.tex -o example5.text

# reStructuredText:
pandoc -s -w rst --toc README -o example6.text

# Rich text format (RTF):
pandoc -s README -o example7.rtf

# Beamer slide show:
pandoc -t beamer SLIDES -o example8.pdf

# DocBook XML:
pandoc -s -S -w docbook README -o example9.db

# Chunked XHTML via DocBook and xmlto:
xmlto xhtml -m config.xsl example9.db -o example9/

# Man page:
pandoc -s -w man pandoc.1.md -o example10.1

# ConTeXt:
pandoc -s -w context README -o example11.tex

# PDF via pandoc and ConTeXt's texexec:
texexec --pdf example11.tex   # produces example11.pdf

# Converting a web page to markdown:
pandoc -s -r html http://www.gnu.org/software/make/ -o example12.text

# From markdown to PDF:
pandoc README -o example13.pdf

# PDF with numbered sections and a custom LaTeX header:
pandoc -N --template=mytemplate.tex --variable mainfont=Georgia --variable sansfont=Arial --variable monofont="Bitstream Vera Sans Mono" --variable fontsize=12pt --variable version=1.9 README --latex-engine=xelatex --toc -o example14.pdf

# TeX math in HTML:
pandoc math.text -s -o mathDefault.html
pandoc math.text -s --mathml -o mathMathML.html
pandoc math.text -s --webtex -o mathWebTeX.html
pandoc math.text -s --mathjax -o mathMathJax.html
pandoc math.text -s --latexmathml -o mathLaTeXMathML.html

# Syntax highlighting of delimited code blocks:
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style pygments -o example18a.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style kate -o example18b.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style monochrome -o example18c.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style espresso -o example18d.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style haddock -o example18e.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style tango -o example18f.html
pandoc code.text -s --highlight-style zenburn -o example18g.html

# GNU Texinfo, converted to info, HTML, and PDF formats:
pandoc README -s -o example19.texi
makeinfo example19.texi -o example19.info
makeinfo example19.texi --html -o example19
texi2pdf example19.texi  # produces example19.pdf

# OpenDocument XML:
pandoc README -s -w opendocument -o example20.xml

# ODT (OpenDocument Text, readable by OpenOffice):
pandoc README -o example21.odt

# MediaWiki markup:
pandoc -s -S -w mediawiki --toc README -o example22.wiki

# EPUB ebook:
pandoc -S README -o README.epub

# Markdown citations:
pandoc -s -S --biblio biblio.bib --csl chicago-author-date.csl CITATIONS -o example24a.html
pandoc -s -S --biblio biblio.bib --csl mhra.csl CITATIONS -o example24b.html
pandoc -s -S --biblio biblio.bib --csl ieee.csl CITATIONS -t man -o example24c.1

# Textile writer:
pandoc -s -S README -t textile -o example25.textile

# Textile reader:
pandoc -s -S example25.textile -f textile -t html -o example26.html

# Org-mode:
pandoc -s -S README -o example27.org

# AsciiDoc:
pandoc -s -S README -t asciidoc -o example28.txt

# Word docx:
pandoc -s -S README -o example29.docx

# LaTeX math to docx:
pandoc -s math.tex -o example30.docx

# DocBook to markdown:
pandoc -f docbook -t markdown -s howto.xml -o example31.text

# To convert reStructuredText (RST) to Markdown:
pandoc input.rst --from rst --to markdown -s -o output.md

# To convert Markdown to reStructuredText:
pandoc input.md --from markdown --to rst -s -o output.rst

# To install pandoc using homebrew:
brew install pandoc

# For PDF Output (Optional)
# Install BasicTeX http://www.tug.org/mactex/morepackages.html
# If you get errors warning of fonts not found, try:
tlmgr install collection-fontsrecommended