git commit

# To commit staged files to the repository with a message:
git commit -m "<message>"

# To commit staged files with a message read from a file:
git commit --file <path/to/commit_message_file>

# To auto stage all modified files and commit with a message:
git commit -a -m "<message>"

# To commit staged files and [S]ign them with the GPG key defined in '~/.gitconfig':
git commit -S -m "<message>"

# To update the last commit by adding the currently staged changes, changing the commit's hash:
git commit --amend

# To commit only specific (already staged) files:
git commit <path/to/file1> <path/to/file2>

# To create a commit, even if there are no staged files:
git commit -m "<message>" --allow-empty